Apr 10, 2012

Sachsenhausen-District-of-Frankfurt

Sachsenhausen is one of the district of Frankfurt Germany. The area of this District is 39.14 KM2 and population of this district is 55,785 and density of this district is 1,425 /KM2.  Sachsenhausen is part of Frankfurt city and compose of two districts one is Sachsenhausen-Nord and Sachsenhausen-Süd. This district is located in south bank of the Main River. The Frankfurt’s bridgehead is found here in 12th Century. The Frankfurt youth hostel in located on its riverside. The largest market of city is flea market is also here in Sachsenhausen. Sachsenhausen also has Germany’s best known museum, called the Museum Embankment. This district is also has two dozen bars, taverns and restaurants in the southern parts old town. The main street of Sachsenhausen is Schweizer Strasse with bars and two of franksfurt’s traditional cider houses, Zum Gemalten Haus and Wager.


History

Formation

Unlike many other parts of the city of Frankfurt was located south of the Main Sachsenhausen never own, but belonged in the Middle Ages to Frankfurt. According to legend, the victorious in the Saxon Wars Charlemagne moved to the Blood court of Verden 782 Saxons defeated at Main opposite the royal palace which he founded in Frankfurt. There are, however, no historical evidence. On the origin of the name, there is next to various other interpretations. The most likely of these is the assumption that the name derives from Sass Husen, ie a place where "sojourners" lived - as in the Middle Ages were called residents without full citizenship. In the early 12th Century were ministeriales Palatine Frankfurt down on the southern bank of the Main. Remember today, the Large and Small Rittergasse the ancient village of Sachsenhausen. The first written mention of the village dates from the 1193rd. In a 29 March certificate issued in Speyer gave Henry VI. based in the Sass Husen prope Franche ford, 1190 by the ministry officials of Kuno Münzenberg erected in honor of the glorious Mother of God Hospital. Allodialgut on the royal wife ways to Sandhof The hospital and the associated church had Kunos son of Ulrich I leave Münzenberg 1221 Emperor Frederick II, as the estate was on imperial soil. The Emperor passed it over in November 1221 the Teutonic Order in perpetuity. In the 13th Century can be detected in addition to the Lords of Hagen-Münzenberg several other families of Empire knights in Sachsenhausen, including the lords of Sachsenhausen, from Praunheim of Urberg of Schweinsberg and Stockheim. The only thing that's left of the Knights of Sachsenhausen, is their coat of arms (associated with the von Praunheim). This is used by the company Sachsenhausen well as souvenirs. The tasks of the ministry officials included the management of the Frankfurt and the Palatinate lying on the southern bank of the wild kingdom goods bans Dreieich. The names of the sexes are therefore found in the list of imperial mayor of Frankfurt. The further colonization of Sachsenhausen also appears in connection with the construction of the old bridge over the Main stand, which was first documented in 1222, but the construction may already be the end of the 12th Century was prompted by Kuno of Münzenberg, the large estates owned both sides of the river Main. The first timber construction was the mid-13th Century, replaced by a stone bridge. During the 13th Frankfurt century grew from a small settlement to the Hohenstaufen Palatinate, the Saalhof, grew into a self-governing city, which had gained more and more privileges, such as pledged by the release regalia, royal prerogatives, such as taxes and duties. 1220 the Frankfurter bailiwick was abolished and used a kingdom mayor. From 1266, an existing 43 members of the Council's documented testimony, the two mayors elected annually from 1311. During this time, the suburb of Sachsenhausen became a part of the city of Frankfurt. For the first time it is mentioned in the town Peace of 1318 explicitly (an Ordinance of the Council) as part of Frankfurt. 


Late Middle Ages and Modern Times

After initially only knight families had settled in Sachsenhausen, settled late 13th and in the 14th Century, fishermen, laborers and craftsmen in the south bank of the Main. The Sachsenhausen German Order Coming became the scene of major political events rich. Already in the 13th Century found here at least three meetings of the General Chapter of the Order of the highest governance body instead. Emperor Louis the Bavarian published on 22 May 1324 the Sachsenhausen Appeal, in which he rejected the claim of the Pope to the approval of an election of a king. Henceforth enough supported by the majority of the electors for the lawful election of a king. An unknown priest who is to come (Frankfurt) has written a mystical writing in the German language, which was later published as Theologia German by Martin Luther and widely distributed. 1338 founded the Sachsenhausen citizens Heal Dymar a chapel, from which emerged later Dreikönigskirche. In July 1342 destroyed the Magdalene flood the Main Bridge and sat quite Sachsenhausen seven to twelve feet high under water, so that the entire population flee Sachsenhausen had on the hill of Mühlbergs. 1372 Frankfurt acquired a part of the Imperial Forest Dreieich, today's city forest, by Emperor Charles IV. End of the 14th Century Sachsenhausen was included in the Frankfurt city fortifications. At the time Sachsenhausen had about 2700 inhabitants. Among the fourteen Board eligible guilds were found in Sachsenhausen particular tanners, fishermen, sailors and gardeners, and foresters, bird catcher, mergansers, basket makers and broom makers. 1414 on the Mühlberg a wooden observation tower with a new stone observatory was replaced, which was already in 1416 by the Archbishop of Trier, Werner von Falkenstein destroyed (1388-1418). On the higher Sachsenhausen hill was in the years 1470/71, on the highest point of the road leading to the south, the new Sachsenhäuser waiting to be built as part of the Frankfurter Landwehr, one of the four still preserved Frankfurt waiting towers. Modeled after the existing Gallus and or Bockenheimer waiting erected a small castle with houses, weapons caches, Watchtower and fountains. The gates of the bridge towers and the gates were locked at night, so that no one could get in or out. The traffic to and from Frankfurt was impossible. Since there was no priest in Sachsenhausen, but tion states the parish rights for church official acts throughout the city only the Pleban of Bartholomew pin, so the night was not a pastoral assistance to the Sachsenhausen possible. This led to great dissatisfaction of the citizens in Sachsenhausen. Until 1452 the city reached to mediation of Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa, the collection of Dreikönigskirche for daughter church of St. Bartholomew. The Reformation was quickly in Sachsenhausen many followers. In 1525, the Epiphany Church became the first church in Frankfurt, worked at the only Reformed preachers. 1531, the church received with Peter Pfeiffer assigned an evangelical preacher firmly, who had been previously last Guardian of the Frankfurt Barfüßerklosters. As part of the fortification called 1490 as another tower on the banks of the Main Kuhhirtenturm even elephant, built. Their most trying time had to pass the fortress in the late summer of 1552 during the three-week siege by the troops of the Elector of Saxony. 

17th and 18 century

After fat milk uprising of 1614, the Council adopted a new district order to classify the urban area within the old city walls in 14 quarters. Much like today, the contrada in Siena or the Sestieri in Venice were the quarters social communities within the urban community. Each quarter consisted of 170 to 270 houses were numbered within the neighborhoods. A modern number system of roads was only introduced in the Prussian era. 12 quarters (A to M) were north of the Main, the neighborhoods N and O in Sachsenhausen. The border between the north eastern district - also called Oberhausen - and the Western Unterhausen (Quartier O) formed the bridge lane. 1769 the Sachsenhausen bridge tower fell impediment to traffic. 


19th century 

Early 19th Century were torn down in Frankfurt the fortifications. 1809 to 1812 and disappeared Affentor the rest of the Sachsenhausen fortifications to the Kuhhirtenturm and the ruins of the Ulrich Stein. The population structure changed gradually: a village of traditional artisans - 1781 were 336 growers and gardeners, 125 fishermen, 30 brewers, 22 bakers and 20 Gerber counted - it moved in the late 18th and especially in the 19th Century, wealthy citizens increasingly to Sachsenhausen. The settlement first spread to the south and later in east-west direction, and the population, which had stagnated at a low level until then rose, particularly in the 19th Century rapidly: 1761 5000 and 1811 about 4,000 people were located in Sachsenhausen. By the end of the Free City of Frankfurt in 1866, the number rose to about 8,000, which was almost 10% of the total population. Especially after the Franco-German War 1870/71 Sachsenhausen experienced a population explosion. 1890 lived here already about 24,000 inhabitants in 1900 and more than 36,000 in 1912, 50,000. Emerged along the river Main, the first summer homes and villas on the edge of the residential areas were located in the south Sachsenhausen down industrial and commercial enterprises. Opened in 1846, the Main-Neckar Railway to operate, the first ended in the station at the top of Main riverfront in Sachsenhausen, before 1848, the first Main-Neckar railway bridge was built. As early as 1847 with the Frankfurt-Offenbach Local Railway was the second railway line in Sachsenhausen in operation, the local railway station near the Affentors served until 1955, the passenger traffic. 1873 took over the Frankfurt-Bebraer Railway went into operation for a new station, the Bebraer Station, South Station today, was built, in 1924, received his still got reception building. With the Untermainbrücke and the Upper Main Bridge originated in 1874 and 1879 two more routes on the Main. As a replacement for the built around 1340 hospital chapel to the Three Kings, which had since 1452 also parish, was in 1875 and 1881 under the direction of master builder Franz Josef of Denzinger the Epiphany church built in the Gothic Revival style, the 80-meter high tower Sachsenhäuser the Main bank still dominates. The 15 stained-glass windows of the nave and the tower window Charles Crodel created 1956/57. Along the shore, on Schaumainkai, created numerous civic villas, from 1874 to 1878 this was also the Städel Art Institute built. From the Old Bridge from wrong in 1884 one of the world's first electric trams, set up specially for the construction of the Frankfurt-Offenbach tram society through Sachsenhausen. The route went first to the neighboring Oberrad and was extended shortly after Offenbach am Main. Another tram line was opened in 1889: the Frankfurt Forest Railway Sachsenhausen combined with Neu-Isenburg, Niederrad and the then very remote Schwanheim. 1899 was established as the first private depot of the Sachsenhausen Frankfurt tram depot. 


20th century

In the 1920s, the city forest a sports complex with the Frankfurt Waldstadion, which was inaugurated in 1925, a cycling track was (demolished again in 2002), swimming stadium and sports hall. Stadium and grounds were of the Nazi regime (Nazis) used in the 1930s for political rallies and meetings. In the 1930s, the home was built and settlement Frankfurt thus expanding south. During World War II Sachsenhausen was destroyed by air raids from 1943 to a total of about 40%. The population went from just under 53,000 under which temporarily before the war back to 34,700, grew in the 1950s, but again quickly. Two large residential complexes stand out from the usual building extensions of the district: the resulting in the 70s tower block at Sachsenhausen hill ("Sun Ring" and "sunny hill"), and the at the former Frankfurt slaughterhouse built in the 90s German Herr district on the south bank of the Main. Despite the inner-city location is not as overpriced Sachsenhausen, in the rents it follows the nordmainischen quarters Westend, Northrend and Ostend only fourth. The trend, however, is also a shortage of rental properties observed, many of the most Gründerzeit objects are being renovated and sold as condominiums. In the postwar period was Sachsenhausen with its accumulation of apple wine taverns, pubs and night clubs in the district known Alt-Sachsenhausen, both nationally as well as in the Rhine-Main area resident U.S. forces internationally and become a tourist attraction.  


Institutions


On the eastern outskirts of Sachsenhausen place since 1950, the campus of the Faculty of Theology, University of Sankt Georgen. Diagonally opposite to the city center is part of the volunteer fire department in the district. In the northern district is the Sachsenhausen Hospital and the eastern part of the university hospitals. In addition, there are the Head of the Fire Department Station 4 and the 8th and 9 Police station. 



Arts and Culture


  • Along the Main river on the so-called Museum Embankment are 13 museums including the Städel, one of the most important and most famous art museums in Germany. 
  • One of the most striking buildings is the 1881 in the Gothic Revival style Dreikönigskirche.
  • The Iron Bridge: A pedestrian bridge that connects the old town of Frankfurt with the Sachsenhausen district. The bridge was immortalized by Max Beckmann in a painting.
  • The Sachsenhausen is waiting as late Gothic tower with a remaining piece of the Frankfurter Landwehr and is one of the four remaining Frankfurt waiting towers.
  • The Kuhhirtenturm with Kuhhirtentor is another preserved part of the Frankfurt city fortifications.
  • The two classical Affentorhäuser guardhouse, built by 1810 to 1811.
  • The first was built in 1867 and in its present form in 1931 Goethe Tower is 43 meters one of the tallest wooden building in Germany. He stands at the edge of the Sachsenhausen Frankfurt city forest on the high banks of the river Main.
  • The Klappergasse is the center of Sachsenhausen cider district. In 1961, established woman-Rauscher Brunnen is the famous original Sachsenhausen, the Fraa Rauscher, dedicated. Whoever passes here should be careful, as he squirts water at irregular intervals on the road. Diagonally across from the woman-Rauscher Brunnen is the Steinem house. It is a late Gothic building dating from around 1450 and one of the oldest stone-built houses of Sachsenhausen. Stone houses were in the Middle Ages in Frankfurt uncommon until the late 18th Century dominated here the framework construction.
  • The house Schellengasse 8 is the oldest surviving timber-framed building in Frankfurt (Year 1291/1292).
  • The 1912/13, Art Nouveau Luke's Church, popularly known because of their (former) painting Bilderkersch Frankfurt.
  • The built from 1959 to 1961 Henninger Tower is a former Brauereisilo and as such was one of the highest in the world. The tower is one of the landmarks of Sachsenhausen and Frankfurt. He became internationally known by the annual Race Around the Henninger Tower.
  • Interest to architects, the home settlement. The settlement of the 'New York' in the 30's is a listed building and therefore not - unlike other settlements May - close to its original condition.
  • The oldest mosque in Frankfurt, opened in 1959, is the denomination of the Islamic Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat-Noor mosque in the Babenhäuser road.
  • Main Plaza, residential buildings since 2001, 88 meters high.
  • The church was built in 1959 Easter.
  • The Catholic Church of St. Boniface in the Holbeinstraße was built 1926/27 expressionistic.


Sachsenhausen originals


Sachsenhausen is known for his whimsical characters, which it has produced over the centuries. The most famous of them lived in the 19th Century: The Fraa Rauscher from de Klappergass different memories were dedicated a monument that spat at unexpected moments passersby with water, a well-known popular song (composed in 1929 by the Frankfurt graphic Kurt Eugene Strouhs) and an apple wine the winery Possmann from Frankfurt-Rödelheim. A contemporary Sachsenhausen is the original bare Jörg, a nudist, which is sometimes overlooked for many years in Sachsenhausen. He never wears clothes - except for a pair of sandals in the winter - only his Walkman. He is located in the residential area at Sachsenhausen hill. His identity and motives are the subject of many legends, he claims to be suffering from an allergy clothes. There already exist T-shirts with his picture and he was in the carnival theme with the deckle speakers. 


Regular events


Originally designed as a promotional event for the museums in Frankfurt Museum Embankment Festival has now transformed into an event with carnival character and with three million visitors to the biggest event in the Rhine-Main area. The Sachsenhausen Fountain Festival of Fountains and notch company Sachsenhausen eV was first mentioned in documents in 1490 and is one of the oldest festivals in the city. The Goethe Tower Festival of club ring Sachsenhausen eV finds since 1982 on the first Saturday in May at the foot of the Goethe tower. On the riverfront in Sachsenhausen each takes second Saturday mornings from 9-14 clock one of Germany's biggest and longest weekly flea markets instead. On other Saturdays of the flea market has been relocated to the eastern harbor. 


Economy and Infrastructure

Traffic

On 18 February 1884, to desire of a Offenbacher consortium consisting of the Commerce Weintraut, banker Weymann and bankers Merzbach, route opened the Frankfurt-Offenbach tram company (FOTG), starting from the Old Bridge in Sachsenhausen, was the first commercially operated public electric tramway in Germany. The route went up to the first book in Rainstraße Oberrad and from 10th April to Mathildenplatz in Offenbach. The FOTG was using another gauge of 1000 mm (meter gauge). Like all parts of the city Frankfurt Sachsenhausen is connected to the public transport system. The U1, U2, U3 and U8 underground connect Sachsenhausen, Frankfurt and north of the city center. Is outside the professional time and in - line 15 (Offenbach Niederrad Haardtwaldplatz), the tram line 12 runs from the Rheinlandstraße in Schwanheim over Niederrad Sachsenhausen Fechenheim, line 14 of Bornheim, Ernst May place to Neu-Isenburg Holiday its termination stop at South Station in Sachsenhausen, on line 16 of Ginnheim to Offenbach, line 18 from the local train station (Sat from the city limits Offenbach) over Konstablerwache Friedberger Landstrasse to Gravenstein Court in Preungesheim, line 19 runs during school hours for the students at Sachsenhausen schools of Schwanheim to Sachsenhausen, and 21 runs from Waldstadion over Niederrad and Sachsenhausen in the profession after Nied. Bus numbers 30 (Bad Vilbel - Hainer Weg), 35 (Hauptbahnhof - Sachsenhausen Lerchesberg), 36 (West Railway Station - Hainer Weg), 45 (Sachsenhausen German gentleman quarter - South Station), 46 (Hauptbahnhof - Mühlberg Gerbermühle), 47 (Am Sandberg - South Station) , 61 (airport - South Station), 78 (Schwanheim Rheinlandstraße - South Station), as well as major events in the Commerzbank Arena, the # 80, oF-50 (Neu-Isenburg Gravenbruch - South Station) and 653 (Götzenhain - South Station) also run Sachsenhausen. (- Darmstadt Bad Soden), S4 (Kronberg - Darmstadt), S5 (Friedrichsdorf - Ffm-south) and S6 (Friedberg - Ffm-south) In addition, the S-Bahn lines S3 run through Sachsenhausen, which located in East Mühlberg is of the S-Bahn lines S1, S2, S8 and S9 served. 



Education


In Sachsenhausen, there are five primary schools (Mühlberg school Textorschule, Willemerschule, Riedhofschule and Martin Buber School), three high schools (Schiller School, Carl Schurz School and Freiherr-vom-Stein-Schule), two high schools (German gentleman school and Holbein School) and Hauptschule Schwanthaler school. In addition, there is a private school, the Free School Frankfurt. In addition, the evening at Sachsenhausen main and secondary school evening Frankfurt is located.



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